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Interlock Failures in Process Safety Incidents

Process interlocks and safety instrumented functions are engineered barriers designed to prevent runaway or out-of-control states from escalating — their defeat, bypass, or failure has been a recurring theme in CSB findings. Each case below details the interlock-related factors and CSB recommendations.

15 CSB investigations in this database involve interlock as a primary or contributing equipment factor, spanning 1998–2024.


Interlock Failures in Process Safety Incidents (15)

Incident Date Industry Key Hazard
Marathon Martinez Renewable Fuels Fire 11/19/2023 Petroleum Refining Fire, Chemical Release
DPC Enterprises Glendale Chlorine Release 11/17/2003 Chemical Manufacturing Toxic Release, Chemical Release
DuPont La Porte Facility Toxic Chemical Release 11/15/2014 Chemical Manufacturing Toxic Release, Chemical Release
Aghorn Operating Inc. Waterflood Station Hydrogen Sulfide Release 10/26/2019 Oil And Gas Production Hydrogen Sulfide Release, Toxic Release
First Chemical Corp. Reactive Chemical Explosion 10/13/2002 Chemical Manufacturing Runaway Reaction, Explosion
AirGas Facility Fatal Explosion 08/28/2016 Chemical Manufacturing Explosion, Runaway Reaction
Bayer CropScience Pesticide Waste Tank Explosion 08/28/2008 Chemical Manufacturing Runaway Reaction, Explosion
Millard Refrigerated Services Ammonia Release 08/23/2010 Food Processing Ammonia Release, Chemical Release
Sterigenics Ethylene Oxide Explosion 08/19/2004 Chemical Manufacturing Explosion, Fire
Dow Louisiana Operations Explosions 07/14/2023 Chemical Manufacturing Explosion, Fire
Kuraray Pasadena Release and Fire 05/19/2018 Chemical Manufacturing Chemical Release, Fire
Formosa Plastics Vinyl Chloride Explosion 04/23/2004 Chemical Manufacturing Explosion, Fire
Yenkin-Majestic Resin Plant Vapor Cloud Explosion and Fire 04/08/2021 Chemical Manufacturing Vapor Cloud Explosion, Explosion
Packaging Corporation of America Hot Work Explosion 02/08/2017 Paper And Pulp Explosion, Fire
Foundation Food Group Fatal Chemical Release 01/28/2021 Food Processing Chemical Release, Asphyxiation

Chemical Release · Fire · Explosion · Toxic Release · Overpressure


Valve Failures in Process Plant Incidents · Gas Detector Failures and Toxic Release Incidents · Pump Failures and Process Safety Incidents · Relief Valve Failures and Overpressure Events · Pipeline Ruptures, Leaks, and Fires · Storage Tank Fires and Explosions


Data sourced from CSB.gov public investigation reports. This site is an independent project not affiliated with the U.S. CSB.